{"id":13634,"date":"2026-11-02T14:51:46","date_gmt":"2026-11-02T13:51:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guemisa.es\/?p=13634"},"modified":"2026-11-03T11:10:41","modified_gmt":"2026-11-03T10:10:41","slug":"potenciometric-magnetostrictiu-lvdt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guemisa.es\/ca\/potenciometrico-magnetostrictivo-lvdt\/","title":{"rendered":"Potenciom\u00e8tric, magnetostrictiu o LVDT: quina escollir"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"gm-guia\"><p class=\"gm-g-kicker\">Guia t\u00e8cnica \u00b7 GUEMISSA<\/p><div class=\"gm-g-resp\"><span>Resposta r\u00e0pida<\/span><p>Trieu un sensor potenciom\u00e8tric si necessita una soluci\u00f3 senzilla i de baix consum per a carreres de fins a uns 900 mm, un magnetostrictiu si la cursa \u00e9s llarga, la mesura ha de ser sense contacte i exacta, i un LVDT si la cursa \u00e9s curta i es busca resoluci\u00f3 pr\u00e0cticament infinita i vida sense desgast. Tots tres mesuren posici\u00f3 lineal absoluta, per\u00f2 cadasc\u00fa ho fa amb un principi f\u00edsic diferent, i se'n deriven els l\u00edmits.<\/p>\n<p>Hi ha a m\u00e9s una quarta opci\u00f3, el sensor inductiu sense contacte de tipus NOVOPAD, que cobreix el buit entre el potenciom\u00e8tric i el LVDT amb sortida anal\u00f2gica est\u00e0ndard.<\/p><\/div><figure class=\"gm-anim\" data-anim=\"principios\"><figcaption class=\"gm-anim-pie\">Els tres principis davant del mateix despla\u00e7ament: tensi\u00f3 del cursor, temps de propagaci\u00f3 de l'impuls i difer\u00e8ncia entre els secundaris de l'LVDT.<\/figcaption><\/figure><nav class=\"gm-g-indice\"><b>En aquesta guia<\/b><ol><li><a href=\"#como-funciona-cada-principio\">Com funciona cada principi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#tabla-comparativa\">Taula comparativa<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#criterios-de-decision\">Criteris de decisi\u00f3<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#que-productos-de-guemisa-encajan\">Quins productes de GUEMISA encaixen<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#preguntas-frecuentes\">Preguntes freq\u00fcents<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/nav><h2 id=\"como-funciona-cada-principio\">Com funciona cada principi<\/h2>\n<h3>Potenciom\u00e8tric<\/h3>\n<p>Una pista de pl\u00e0stic conductor t\u00e9 un cursor met\u00e0l\u00b7lic que llisca sobre ella. El sensor funciona com un divisor de tensi\u00f3: la tensi\u00f3 que apareix al cursor \u00e9s proporcional a la posici\u00f3. No necessita electr\u00f2nica, nom\u00e9s una tensi\u00f3 d'alimentaci\u00f3 i un corrent de cursor molt petit, de fins a 1 \u00b5A als Novotechnik LWH i TEX.<\/p>\n<h3>Magnetostrictiu<\/h3>\n<p>Una vareta o un perfil contenen un fil guia per on s'envia un impuls de corrent. Un marcador amb imant, que es mou al llarg del sensor sense tocar-lo, genera una ona mec\u00e0nica; el sensor mesura el temps que triga aquesta ona a arribar a l'extrem i en dedueix la posici\u00f3.<\/p>\n<h3>LVDT<\/h3>\n<p>Un transformador diferencial t\u00e9 un bobinatge primari i dos secundaris. Un nucli m\u00f2bil, que no toca les bobines, modifica l'acoblament entre aquests i la difer\u00e8ncia de tensi\u00f3 indica la posici\u00f3. Per no haver-hi fregament, la resoluci\u00f3 te\u00f2rica \u00e9s infinita i no hi ha desgast per fregament entre el nucli i les bobines.<\/p>\n<h3>Inductiu NOVOPAT<\/h3>\n<p>Un sistema de bobines emissores i receptores sobre una placa detecta un marcador o un plan\u00e7\u00f3 sense contacte el\u00e8ctric entre tots dos. El LS1 ho fa amb una tija i el TF1 amb un marcador flotant independent.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"tabla-comparativa\">Taula comparativa<\/h2>\n<div class=\"gm-g-tabla\"><table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Criteri<\/th><th>Potenciom\u00e8tric<\/th><th>Magnetostrictiu<\/th><th>LVDT<\/th><th>Inductiu NOVOPAT<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Principi<\/td><td>Cursor sobre pista de pl\u00e0stic conductor<\/td><td>Temps de propagaci\u00f3 d'una ona fins a un marcador amb imant<\/td><td>Nucli m\u00f2bil en un transformador diferencial<\/td><td>Bobines emissores i receptores sobre placa<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Contacte i desgast<\/td><td>Amb contacte; vida de fins a 100 milions de moviments (LWH, TEX)<\/td><td>Sense contacte; vida mec\u00e0nica il\u00b7limitada (TH1, TP1)<\/td><td>Nucli sense contacte amb les bobines, sense desgast per fregament<\/td><td>Sense contacte al TF1; el LS1 porta fill amb coixinets i vida de fins a 100 milions de moviments<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Curses t\u00edpiques<\/td><td>10\u2026900 mm (TEX, LWH); m\u00e9s amb fil<\/td><td>50\u20264250 mm (TH1, TP1)<\/td><td>5\u202620 mm (F200); fins a 360 mm en LVDT amplificats<\/td><td>25\u2026200 mm (LS1); 100\u20261000 mm (TF1)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Resoluci\u00f3 i exactitud<\/td><td>Resoluci\u00f3 inferior a 0,01 mm; linealitat \u00b10,04\u2026\u00b10,25 %<\/td><td>Resoluci\u00f3 de fins a 1 \u00b5m; linealitat fins a \u00b10,02 % FS (TH1, TP1)<\/td><td>Resoluci\u00f3 gaireb\u00e9 infinita; linealitat \u00b10,1\u2026\u00b10,3 % (F200)<\/td><td>Linealitat \u00b10,15% (LS1); \u00b10,025 % FS (TF1)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Sortida<\/td><td>Divisor de tensi\u00f3<\/td><td>0,1\u202610 V, 4\u202620 mA, i tamb\u00e9 SSI, CANopen, IO-Link<\/td><td>\u00b110 V (F200); 4\u202620 mA o 0\u202610 V en amplificats<\/td><td>0,1\u202610 V o 4\u202620 mA<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Entorn<\/td><td>IP54 a IP67 segons model; -40\u2026+85 \u00b0C (TEX)<\/td><td>IP67 \/ IP68; -40\u2026+85 \u00b0C; 350 bar a vareta (TH1)<\/td><td>IP67 amb connector (F200); fins a 315 bar a SM46<\/td><td>IP40 (LS1); IP67 (TF1); -40\u2026+85 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Quan triar-lo<\/td><td>Cursa curta o mitjana, mida simple i electr\u00f2nica m\u00ednima<\/td><td>Curses llargues, cilindres hidr\u00e0ulics, mesura cont\u00ednua sense desgast<\/td><td>Curses curtes, resoluci\u00f3 molt fina, humitat o pressi\u00f3 (SM46)<\/td><td>Sortida anal\u00f2gica est\u00e0ndard sense contacte, o immunitat a camps magn\u00e8tics<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n\n<h2 id=\"criterios-de-decision\">Criteris de decisi\u00f3<\/h2>\n<h3>Cursa<\/h3>\n<p>Per sota de 20 mm, el LVDT \u00e9s l'opci\u00f3 natural. Entre 25 i 900 mm competeixen el potenciom\u00e8tric i l'inductiu. Per sobre de 1000 mm, el magnetostrictiu arriba a 4250 mm als Novotechnik TH1 i TP1, i el sensor per fil cobreix carreres encara m\u00e9s llargues amb un altre principi.<\/p>\n<h3>Contacte i desgast<\/h3>\n<p>El potenciom\u00e8tric es desgasta per \u00fas, encara que la vida declarada pel fabricant ronda els 50-100 milions de moviments segons la s\u00e8rie. Si l'aplicaci\u00f3 t\u00e9 milers de cicles per hora o funciona sense parar, el sensor sense contacte \u00e9s m\u00e9s segur.<\/p>\n<h3>Resoluci\u00f3 i senyal<\/h3>\n<p>El potenciom\u00e8tric lliura una relaci\u00f3 de tensi\u00f3 que qualsevol entrada anal\u00f2gica pot llegir si el circuit no carrega el cursor. Els magnetostrictius i els inductius porten electr\u00f2nica pr\u00f2pia i donen sortides normalitzades o digitals.<\/p>\n<h3>Entorn<\/h3>\n<p>Brut\u00edcia, pols i humitat penalitzen el cursor i la pista. Els magnetostrictius tenen versions IP67\/IP68 i els TF1, IP67 amb membrana d'igualaci\u00f3 de pressi\u00f3. Els camps magn\u00e8tics intensos poden pertorbar un magnetostrictiu; el TF1 est\u00e0 descrit pel seu fabricant com a resistent a ells.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"que-productos-de-guemisa-encajan\">Quins productes de GUEMISA encaixen<\/h2>\n<div class=\"gm-g-cards\"><a class=\"gm-g-card\" href=\"https:\/\/guemisa.es\/ca\/productes\/transductor-lineal-potenciometric-lwh\/\"><span class=\"gm-g-foto\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/guemisa.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/novotechnik-transductor-posicion-lwh-768x188.png\" alt=\"Novotechnik LWH\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/span><b>Novotechnik LWH<\/b><span class=\"gm-g-datos\">potenciom\u00e8tric de tija de 50 a 900 mm, resoluci\u00f3 inferior a 0,01 mm, IP55.<\/span><em>Veure fitxa t\u00e8cnica \u2192<\/em><\/a><a class=\"gm-g-card\" href=\"https:\/\/guemisa.es\/ca\/productes\/transductor-potenciometric-amb-vastago-tex\/\"><span class=\"gm-g-foto\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/guemisa.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/novotechnik-transductor-posicion-tex-300x225.webp\" alt=\"Novotechnik TEX\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/span><b>Novotechnik TEX<\/b><span class=\"gm-g-datos\">potenciom\u00e8tric de 10 a 300 mm, IP54, .<\/span><em>Veure fitxa t\u00e8cnica \u2192<\/em><\/a><a class=\"gm-g-card\" href=\"https:\/\/guemisa.es\/ca\/productes\/transductor-magnetostrictivo-th1-analogico\/\"><span class=\"gm-g-foto\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/guemisa.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/novotechnik-transductor-posicion-magnetostrictivo-th1-analog-768x576.webp\" alt=\"Novotechnik TH1\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/span><b>Novotechnik TH1<\/b><span class=\"gm-g-datos\">magnetostrictiu de 50 a 4250 mm, linealitat \u2264 \u00b10,02% FS, 350 bar.<\/span><em>Veure fitxa t\u00e8cnica \u2192<\/em><\/a><a class=\"gm-g-card\" href=\"https:\/\/guemisa.es\/ca\/productes\/transductor-magnetostrictiu-tp1-analogic\/\"><span class=\"gm-g-foto\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/guemisa.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/novotechnik-transductor-posicion-magnetostrictivo-tp1-analog-768x576.webp\" alt=\"Novotechnik TP1\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/span><b>Novotechnik TP1<\/b><span class=\"gm-g-datos\">magnetostrictiu de perfil de 50 a 4250 mm, IP67\/IP68.<\/span><em>Veure fitxa t\u00e8cnica \u2192<\/em><\/a><a class=\"gm-g-card\" href=\"https:\/\/guemisa.es\/ca\/productes\/transductor-tm1-brida-endollable-analogic\/\"><span class=\"gm-g-foto\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/guemisa.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/novotechnik-transductor-posicion-tm1-plugin-canopen-768x576.webp\" alt=\"Novotechnik TM1\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/span><b>Novotechnik TM1<\/b><span class=\"gm-g-datos\">magnetostrictiu de 50 a 2000 mm, IP67, per a cilindres.<\/span><em>Veure fitxa t\u00e8cnica \u2192<\/em><\/a><a class=\"gm-g-card\" href=\"https:\/\/guemisa.es\/ca\/productes\/transductor-de-posicio-inductiu-ls1\/\"><span class=\"gm-g-foto\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/guemisa.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/novotechnik-transductor-posicion-novopad-ls1-300x225.webp\" alt=\"Novotechnik LS1\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/span><b>Novotechnik LS1<\/b><span class=\"gm-g-datos\">inductiu NOVOPAD de 25 a 200 mm, sortida 0,1\u202610 V o 4\u202620 mA, IP40.<\/span><em>Veure fitxa t\u00e8cnica \u2192<\/em><\/a><a class=\"gm-g-card\" href=\"https:\/\/guemisa.es\/ca\/productes\/transductor-inductiu-tf1-analogic\/\"><span class=\"gm-g-foto\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/guemisa.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/novotechnik-transductor-posicion-inductivo-tf1-analog-768x576.webp\" alt=\"Novotechnik TF1\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/span><b>Novotechnik TF1<\/b><span class=\"gm-g-datos\">inductiu sense contacte de 100 a 1000 mm, linealitat \u2264 \u00b10,025 % FS, IP67.<\/span><em>Veure fitxa t\u00e8cnica \u2192<\/em><\/a><a class=\"gm-g-card\" href=\"https:\/\/guemisa.es\/ca\/productes\/transductor-de-posicio-inductiu-f200\/\"><span class=\"gm-g-foto\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/guemisa.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/novotechnik-transductor-posicion-inductivo-f200-300x225.webp\" alt=\"Novotechnik F200\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/span><b>Novotechnik F200<\/b><span class=\"gm-g-datos\">LVDT de 5 a 20 mm de cursa, sortida \u00b110 V.<\/span><em>Veure fitxa t\u00e8cnica \u2192<\/em><\/a><\/div>\n<p>Per a m\u00e9s LVDT, vegeu les categories de <a href=\"https:\/\/guemisa.es\/ca\/categoria\/lvdt\/\">LVDT<\/a> i de <a href=\"https:\/\/guemisa.es\/ca\/categoria\/lvdt-amplificats\/\">LVDT amplificats<\/a>; el <a href=\"https:\/\/guemisa.es\/ca\/productes\/transductor-inductiu-de-posicio-fti-10\/\">FTI 10<\/a> \u00e9s un model de 10 mm amb sortida de 4\u202620 mA.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"documentacion-relacionada\">Documentaci\u00f3 i casos relacionats<\/h2><ul class=\"gm-g-rel\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/guemisa.es\/ca\/documents-pdf\/definicions-tecniques-potenciometres\/\">Potenci\u00f2metres: definicions t\u00e8cniques de Novotechnik (PDF, angl\u00e8s)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/guemisa.es\/ca\/documents-pdf\/explicacio-tecnica-que-es-una-lvdt\/\">LVDT: qu\u00e8 \u00e9s i com funciona (PDF)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/guemisa.es\/ca\/documents-pdf\/cataleg-general-desplacament\/\">Sensors de despla\u00e7ament: cat\u00e0leg general (PDF)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/guemisa.es\/ca\/informacio-tecnica\/\">Tota la informaci\u00f3 t\u00e8cnica de GUEMISA<\/a><\/li><\/ul><h2 id=\"preguntas-frecuentes\">Preguntes freq\u00fcents<\/h2>\n<details class=\"gm-g-faq\"><summary>Un LVDT \u00e9s el mateix que un sensor inductiu?<\/summary><p>El LVDT \u00e9s un tipus de sensor inductiu basat en un transformador diferencial amb nucli m\u00f2bil. Els inductius NOVOPAD usen bobines sobre una placa i un marcador, no un nucli.<\/p>\n<\/details><details class=\"gm-g-faq\"><summary>Quina t\u00e9 m\u00e9s resoluci\u00f3?<\/summary><p>L'LVDT, en teoria infinita i limitada per l'electr\u00f2nica. El magnetostrictiu Novotechnik TH1 arriba a 1 \u00b5m i el potenciom\u00e8tric a menys de 0,01 mm.<\/p>\n<\/details><details class=\"gm-g-faq\"><summary>Quan no fer servir un potenciom\u00e8tric?<\/summary><p>Amb curses llargues, amb moviments molt freq\u00fcents o en ambients amb molta brut\u00edcia, un sensor sense contacte redueix el desgast.<\/p>\n<\/details><details class=\"gm-g-faq\"><summary>Es poden fer servir en cilindres hidr\u00e0ulics?<\/summary><p>S\u00ed, els magnetostrictius de vareta com el TH1 o el TM1 s'integren al cilindre, i el LVDT SM46 admet 315 bar. Els potenciom\u00e8trics van fora del cilindre.<\/p>\n<\/details><details class=\"gm-g-faq\"><summary>Quina sortida necessito per a un PLC?<\/summary><p>Els magnetostrictius i els inductius donen 4\u202620 mA o 0\u202610 V; el potenciom\u00e8tric lliura un divisor de tensi\u00f3 i el LVDT sense electr\u00f2nica requereix un condicionador.<\/p><\/details>\n\n<div class=\"gm-g-cta\"><b>Necessiteu ajuda per triar?<\/b><p>Envieu-nos l'aplicaci\u00f3, la cursa o la refer\u00e8ncia que teniu i us indiquem el model i el vostre codi de comanda.<\/p><p><a class=\"gm-g-btn\" href=\"mailto:ventas@guemisa.com?subject=Consulta%3A%20Potenciom%C3%A9trico%2C%20magnetostrictivo%20o%20LVDT%3A%20cu%C3%A1l%20elegir\">Escriure a ventas@guemisa.com<\/a> <a class=\"gm-g-btn gm-g-btn2\" href=\"tel:+34917642100\">91 764 21 00<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Compareu sensors de posici\u00f3 potenciom\u00e8trics, magnetostrictius, LVDT i inductius: principi, desgast, carrera, resoluci\u00f3 i sortida.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13782,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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