{"id":1770,"date":"2024-10-11T10:01:17","date_gmt":"2024-10-11T09:01:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guemisa.es\/?post_type=documentos-pdf&#038;p=1770"},"modified":"2026-11-03T13:42:20","modified_gmt":"2026-11-03T12:42:20","slug":"control-aigua-de-piscina","status":"publish","type":"documentos-pdf","link":"https:\/\/guemisa.es\/ca\/documentos-pdf\/control-agua-de-piscina\/","title":{"rendered":"Control de l&#039;aigua d&#039;una piscina de bany: par\u00e0metres i manteniment"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"gm-doc gm-m-guemisa\">\n<p class=\"k\">Guia t\u00e8cnica \u00b7 GUEMISSA<\/p>\n<div class=\"meta\"><span>pH 7,0-7,8<\/span><span>Clor 0,4-1,5 mg\/l<\/span><span>Duresa 150-250 ppm<\/span><span>Par\u00e0metres fisicoqu\u00edmics i microbiol\u00f2gics<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"resp\"><b class=\"t\">Resposta r\u00e0pida<\/b>Laigua duna piscina de bany es mant\u00e9 amb un <b>pH entre 7,0 i 7,8<\/b>, un <b>clor entre 0,4 i 1,5 mg\/l<\/b> i una <b>duresa entre 150 i 250 ppm<\/b>. El propietari o encarregat controla el pH i el clor cada dia; un laboratori extern analitza la resta de par\u00e0metres fisicoqu\u00edmics i microbiol\u00f2gics cada 15 o 30 dies, segons la legislaci\u00f3 espec\u00edfica.<\/div>\n<h2>Valors de control de l'aigua de bany<\/h2>\n<p>Sense un control exhaustiu, una piscina pot transmetre malalties: l'aigua contaminada pot vehicular microorganismes que causin diarrees i infeccions de pell, orelles i vies respirat\u00f2ries. A m\u00e9s del control microbiol\u00f2gic es vigilen els par\u00e0metres fisicoqu\u00edmics perqu\u00e8 les instal\u00b7lacions no es deteriorin.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tw\"><table><thead><tr><th>Par\u00e0metre<\/th><th>Valor indicat al document<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>pH<\/td><td>7,0-7,8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Clor despr\u00e9s de la cloraci\u00f3 inicial<\/td><td>0,4-1,5 mg\/l<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Duresa<\/td><td>150-250 ppm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00c0cid cian\u00faric que actua com a filtre de la llum solar<\/td><td>30-60 ppm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00c0cid cian\u00faric que retarda l'activitat bactericida del clor<\/td><td>M\u00e9s de 75 ppm<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\n<h2>Inici de temporada<\/h2>\n<ul><li>Ajusteu el pH a l'interval de 7,0 a 7,8 amb el producte adequat.<\/li><li>Afegir-hi floculant i deixar la piscina en rep\u00f2s 1 o 2 dies, amb la depuradora parada.<\/li><li>Passar el netejafons.<\/li><li>Fer una cloraci\u00f3 inicial de xoc: unes 5 pastilles de 20 g cada 10 m3 a la cistella de l'skimmer.<\/li><li>Afegiu-hi 3 litres d'alguicida per cada 100 m3.<\/li><li>Controlar la duresa; si laigua \u00e9s dura, utilitzar un producte anticalcari, que ajuda a mantenir el pH.<\/li><li>Recirculeu l'aigua unes 48 hores fins que el clor baixi a l'interval de 0,4 a 1,5 mg\/l.<\/li><\/ul>\n<h2>Manteniment peri\u00f2dic: desinfecci\u00f3, alguicida i floculaci\u00f3<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tw\"><table><thead><tr><th>Tractament<\/th><th>Dosi i freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia<\/th><th>Productes citats<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Desinfecci\u00f3<\/td><td>20 g de clor per cada 15 m3, cada cinc o sis dies<\/td><td>Clor gas; hipoclorit c\u00e0lcic; hipoclorit s\u00f2dic; \u00e0cid tricloroisocian\u00faric; dicloroisocianurat s\u00f2dic; tamb\u00e9 brom i oz\u00f3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Alguicida<\/td><td>5 g per m3 d'aigua cada quinze dies<\/td><td>Sulfat de coure; amonis quaternaris<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Floculaci\u00f3<\/td><td>10 g per m3, cada quinze dies<\/td><td>Sulfat dalumini; oxiclorur d'alumini<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\n<div class=\"tw\"><table><thead><tr><th>Desinfectant<\/th><th>Contingut de clor actiu<\/th><th>Comportament en aigua<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u00c0cid tricloroisocian\u00faric<\/td><td>90 %<\/td><td>Allibera \u00e0cid hipoclor\u00f3s, que reacciona amb la mat\u00e8ria org\u00e0nica; queda \u00e0cid cian\u00faric com a subproducte<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dicloroisocianurat s\u00f2dic<\/td><td>60 %<\/td><td>Molt soluble; allibera \u00e0cid hipoclor\u00f3s; queda \u00e0cid cian\u00faric com a subproducte<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\n<p>L'oz\u00f3 elimina el color causat per ferro i mangan\u00e8s i les olors de la mat\u00e8ria org\u00e0nica, redueix la terbolesa i els s\u00f2lids en suspensi\u00f3, inactiva els virus que el clor no inactiva i no augmenta les sals inorg\u00e0niques ni forma subproductes. A difer\u00e8ncia del clor, no deixa compostos residuals actius, una caracter\u00edstica \u00fatil en un sistema obert susceptible de contaminaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n<h2>Control del pH i de la duresa<\/h2>\n<p>Mantenir el pH entre 7,0 i 7,8 permet el bany i augmenta la pot\u00e8ncia dels desinfectants.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tw\"><table><thead><tr><th>Condici\u00f3<\/th><th>Problemes<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>pH &lt; 7,0<\/td><td>Irritaci\u00f3 d'ulls, pell i mucoses; corrosi\u00f3 de les parts met\u00e0l\u00b7liques en contacte amb l'aigua; inefic\u00e0cia del potencial de cloraci\u00f3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>pH &gt; 7,8<\/td><td>Irritaci\u00f3 d'ulls, pell i mucoses; incrustacions; consum elevat de desinfectant; bloqueig de filtres; enterboliment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Duresa baixa<\/td><td>Picades a la superf\u00edcie del got; corrosi\u00f3 de les parts met\u00e0l\u00b7liques en contacte amb l'aigua<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Duresa alta<\/td><td>Incrustacions; bloqueig de filtres; enterboliment<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\n<div class=\"tw\"><table><thead><tr><th>Corrector de pH<\/th><th>Productes citats<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Disminu\u00efdors de pH<\/td><td>\u00c0cid clorh\u00eddric; bisulfat s\u00f2dic<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Augmentadors de pH<\/td><td>Hidr\u00f2xid s\u00f2dic; carbonat i bicarbonat s\u00f2dic<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\n<p>La duresa \u00e9s la quantitat de sals de calci i magnesi dissoltes a l'aigua i s'expressa en ppm de carbonat c\u00e0lcic o en \u00baF.<\/p>\n<h2>Controls anal\u00edtics exigits<\/h2>\n<p>Cada comunitat aut\u00f2noma t\u00e9 la legislaci\u00f3 espec\u00edfica. El propietari o encarregat controla di\u00e0riament el pH i el clor. Un laboratori extern analitza altres par\u00e0metres cada 15 o 30 dies, segons la legislaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tw\"><table><thead><tr><th>Par\u00e0metre<\/th><th>Qu\u00e8 indica<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Amoni<\/td><td>Contaminaci\u00f3 org\u00e0nica per degradaci\u00f3 de mat\u00e8ria org\u00e0nica<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nitrats<\/td><td>Compostos nitrogenats, com ara urea de l'orina o prote\u00efnes de la suor<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Oxidabilitat<\/td><td>Quantitat de mat\u00e8ria org\u00e0nica i inorg\u00e0nica susceptible d'oxidar-se<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Conductivitat el\u00e8ctrica<\/td><td>Mesura indirecta de la variaci\u00f3 i\u00f2nica al got<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ferro<\/td><td>Procedeix de la corrosi\u00f3 de les parts met\u00e0l\u00b7liques en contacte amb l'aigua<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Coure<\/td><td>Es mesura per l'\u00fas de sulfat de coure com a alguicida<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Alumini<\/td><td>Procedeix dels floculants usats contra la terbolesa i els s\u00f2lids en suspensi\u00f3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Coliformes fecals<\/td><td>Contaminaci\u00f3 fecal recent: desinfecci\u00f3 inadequada o contaminaci\u00f3 posterior<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pseudomones aeruginosa<\/td><td>Aportaci\u00f3 dels banyistes; es recomana cloraci\u00f3 de xoc<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Staphylococcus aureus<\/td><td>Aportaci\u00f3 dels banyistes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Clostridium sulfitoreductors<\/td><td>Desinfecci\u00f3 no efica\u00e7: augmentar la dosi de desinfectant<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\n<p class=\"nota\">Normativa citada en el document: Decret 23\/99 (Andalusia), Decret 216\/1999 (Castella-la Manxa), Decret 177\/1992 (Castella i Lle\u00f3), Decret 58\/92 (M\u00farcia), Decret Foral 135\/1993 (Navarra) i Decret 146\/8.<\/p>\n<h2>Preguntes freq\u00fcents<\/h2><details class=\"faq\"><summary>Quin pH ha de tenir laigua duna piscina?<\/summary><p>Entre 7,0 i 7,8. Amb pH inferior a 7,0 hi ha irritaci\u00f3 d'ulls, pell i mucoses, corrosi\u00f3 de parts met\u00e0l\u00b7liques i inefic\u00e0cia de la cloraci\u00f3; amb pH superior a 7,8 hi ha incrustacions, m\u00e9s consum de desinfectant, bloqueig de filtres i enterboliment.<\/p><\/details><details class=\"faq\"><summary>Quin nivell de clor \u00e9s correcte despr\u00e9s de la cloraci\u00f3 inicial?<\/summary><p>Entre 0,4 i 1,5 mg\/l. Despr\u00e9s de la cloraci\u00f3 de xoc inicial es recircula l'aigua unes 48 hores fins a assolir aquest interval.<\/p><\/details><details class=\"faq\"><summary>Quina duresa \u00e9s la ideal?<\/summary><p>Entre 150 i 250 ppm. Una duresa baixa produeix picades al got i corrosi\u00f3; una duresa alta, incrustacions, bloqueig de filtres i enterboliment.<\/p><\/details><details class=\"faq\"><summary>Qu\u00e8 es controla cada dia i qu\u00e8 analitza el laboratori?<\/summary><p>El propietari o encarregat controla di\u00e0riament el pH i el clor. Un laboratori extern analitza altres par\u00e0metres cada 15 o 30 dies, segons la legislaci\u00f3 espec\u00edfica.<\/p><\/details><details class=\"faq\"><summary>Quins avantatges t\u00e9 l'oz\u00f3 davant del clor?<\/summary><p>Elimina el color per ferro i mangan\u00e8s i les olors, redueix la terbolesa i els s\u00f2lids en suspensi\u00f3, inactiva virus i no augmenta les sals inorg\u00e0niques ni forma subproductes. No deixa compostos residuals actius, cosa que s\u00ed que fa el clor.<\/p><\/details>\n<h2>Relacionat<\/h2><ul class=\"rel\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/guemisa.es\/ca\/documents-pdf\/que-es-el-ph\/\">Mesura del pH: principi i aplicacions<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/guemisa.es\/ca\/documents-pdf\/que-es-la-conductivitat\/\">Conductivitat de l'aigua: principi i aplicacions<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/guemisa.es\/ca\/documents-pdf\/que-es-la-terbolesa\/\">Turbidesa de l'aigua: qu\u00e8 \u00e9s i com es mesura<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/guemisa.es\/ca\/documents-pdf\/que-es-oxigen-dissolt\/\">Oxigen dissolt: qu\u00e8 \u00e9s i com es mesura<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/guemisa.es\/ca\/informacio-tecnica\/\">Tota la informaci\u00f3 t\u00e8cnica de GUEMISA<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<p class=\"pdf-fin\">A sota, el document original en PDF per consultar-lo o descarregar-lo.<\/p><\/div>","protected":false},"featured_media":14178,"template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"marca":[],"categoria":[43],"class_list":["post-1770","documentos-pdf","type-documentos-pdf","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","categoria-calidad-del-agua"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guemisa.es\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/documentos-pdf\/1770","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guemisa.es\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/documentos-pdf"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guemisa.es\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/documentos-pdf"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guemisa.es\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14178"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guemisa.es\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1770"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"marca","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guemisa.es\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/marca?post=1770"},{"taxonomy":"categoria","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guemisa.es\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categoria?post=1770"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}